Development and Validation of a Repeatable Exsanguination Simulator Using Live Tissue (RESULT)

Introduction: Proper packing technique is crucial to minimize blood loss and successfully stop fatal junctional (axilla, groin, neck) bleedings. Several medical simulators mannequins are used teach techniques for manual pressure wound packing. Live tissue training (LTT) using animal models represents a high-fidelity simulator, but the number of times massive hemorrhage can be practiced limited due cumulative animal. Moreover, animal’s potent coagulation limits reuse injuries. The study aimed at creating validating reproducible repeatable exsanguination simulator high-volume training. Method: This was approved by regional ethics committee (Dnr 17953-2020). All animals were fully anesthetized throughout duration experiments. A live (RESULT) created commonly available materials add bleedings in an LTT context. canister porcine or bovine connected standard gravity infusion set with roll clamp pump chamber removed added 100 cm 3-way stopcock 60 ml syringe. free end tubing surgically inserted into hind leg pig placed inside 5 long deep cavity. evaluated instructors controlling rate bleeding syringe while participants packed wound. Results: According instructors, benefited from additional made possible RESULT. Instructors received direct feedback on applied through resistance plunger. found increased repetitions beneficial their had no change status multiple interventions. Conclusion: Both novel model useful stopping bleeding.